: The book is primarily marketed as a physical textbook.

A more assertive, or nationalist, phase began in the early 20th century, catalyzed by the controversial Partition of Bengal in 1905. This era witnessed the rise of leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai (the Lal-Bal-Pal trio) who advocated for Swaraj (self-rule) and used more aggressive methods like boycotts and public protests. The movement gained immense momentum and a mass following after 1915 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. His philosophy of non-violent resistance, or Satyagraha , mobilized millions of Indians through landmark campaigns like the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–31, which included the famous Dandi March), and the final, decisive Quit India Movement (1942).

The freedom movement was shaped by several iconic figures, each contributing in unique ways. While Mahatma Gandhi is the most recognized leader, the struggle was a collective effort involving many others:

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The arrival of Mahatma Gandhi transformed the freedom struggle from an elite, urban political debate into a massive, pan-Indian peasant movement. G. Venkatesan covers this dynamic period through three major milestones:

organized the Indian National Army (INA) to fight from the outside, proving that the British could no longer rely on the loyalty of Indian soldiers. Freedom and its Price

The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume, a British civil servant. The INC was initially a platform for Indian grievances, but it soon became a powerful force in the freedom struggle. The INC was led by several prominent leaders, including Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Mahatma Gandhi. The INC played a crucial role in organizing protests, demonstrations, and civil disobedience movements against British rule.

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: Details the transition from the Revolt of 1857 to the Indian Independence Act 1947 .